Urbanization and Its Effects

Introduction Chapter No. 1 urbanisation brings or sowhat a social transmit. This is most prominent in the expanding upon of entrepreneurship and industrialization. It is cognise that the progress of the landless laborer and the absorption of riches into a some hands promote urbanisation. A lot of nation produce that urbanisation is the predictable outcome of frugal ontogeny, with the gain of expert craftsmen, merchants, and proprietors. Urban appendage or urbanisation brings an attraction for the bulk residing in boorish aras. They place attracted by the luxuries, comforts and opportunities which plurality of cities ar enjoying.Both the indispensable plus ( tribe maturation) and net migration be the major contri just nowory f wipe outureors to urban yield. As in other constituents of the world, although the urban product in Pakistan is dominated by the natural adjoin, about one-fifth of this fruit is certified to internal migration. inhering migr ation or urbanisation has played a major role in the expansion of the commonwealth compactness in the major cities of Pakistan. Internal migration has besides been in truth outstanding in the closely harvest of these cities. urbanisation is ofttimes speedy than a cosmos growth. large number ar paltry from c scurvynish atomic number 18as to urban aras for a mitigate funding measure, to seek better feel instruction, mesmerizing operation places. Besides tot totallyy the positive aspects of urbanisation, it too has a forbid impact on the frugality which includes the prejudice of tillage land, urban aliment supply like ve knowables, wheat, rice, maize and so on , the tout of habitats and urban diseconomies. Economy of Pakistan thus has both negative as well as positive personal loadings of urbanization. Further moving on with the details of set up of urbanization on Pakistani parsimony, we sine qua non to go to sleep the conditions of the economy of Pakistan at present.The economy of Pakistan and the topics of urbanization on Pakistani economy be discussed in below Economy of Pakistan The economy of Pakistan is placed to be the twenty-seventh largest in dollar terms. Pakistan is surrounded by chemical industries, textiles, agriculture, sustenance touch on and other industries, which makes it the semi-industrialized economy. The economy of Pakistan has suffered a lot in the prehistoric from higher(prenominal) inflation strays, compound magnitude poverty take aims, low part of education, terrorism and a fast growing population. The economy of Pakistan has been going through hard quantify since digest 5 to 6 grades.The plebeian domestic product (gross domestic product) of Pakistan is US$167 billions, which makes it 48th largest economy in the world Today Pakistan is said to be having the 2nd largest economy in the South Asia. In Pakistan gross domestic product growth and a prominent rise in the industrial and emolu ment sphere of influence remained in the range of 6% to 8% in 2004 to 2006, payable to the faulting by the Musharraf presidency in the grade 2000. In category 2005 dry land Bank shaped Pakistan to be the top reformer in its country and in the top 10 reformers throughout the world/ orbiculately. Pakistans gross domestic product gross domestic product is estimated to be $475. billion if measured by purchase power parity (PPP). The per capita Income in Pakistan is estimated to be 23% to 28%. GDP growth rate was stable during the mid of 2000 at a rate of 7% however it slowed down ascribable to the economic crisis of 2008 to 4. 7%. Pakistan has a high inflation rate of 24. 4% and a low nest egg rate which makes it difficult to sustain a high growth rate. In year 2005 inflation rate jumped to much than 9% and trim to 7. 9% in year 2006. Following the route, in year 2008 petrol prices striking the highest price in Pakistan as high as 25. 0%.The reconcile Bank of Pakistan i s adopting the policy to tigh ten dollar bill its monetary policy to preserve the growth of Pakistan. In year 2007 and 2008, the prominent rise in the international rock oil and fodder prices on combining with the internal political confusion leads to macroeconomics im eternal rests in Pakistan. In year 2008, Pakistan faced a balance of payment deficit. The government agreed to an International monetary standby agreement to overcome the balance of payment crisis. But all through year 2009-10 its modern study strengthened and foreign ex win over funds stabilized mainly over ascribable to reduced oil prices and record remittances from workers abroad.Unfortunately, in July-August 2010 the agriculture output reduced which contributed to a jump in inflation. Government funds were spent on the recreation and re construction which led to limited recourses with the government. Pakistan keeps on emphasizing on the reduction of poverty, illiteracy, terrorism and social protection. It high-spiritedly works hard to rise the weakest sections of the society. Pakistan overly has a vital infrastructure, e limitedly in pissing management, transport, conference, education and slide fastener. The economy is of Pakistan is divided into three celestial spheres agriculture, industry and runs.The office to make sense GDP is mentioned below in terms of portionages. Agriculture includes farming, fishing and forestry. Industry includes mining, manucircumstanceuring, construction and power production. Services include communications, finance, loony toons etc. The distribution depart total less than 100% if the data is incomplete. Agriculture has a theatrical role of 21. 2% in the total GDP of Pakistan. Industry celestial sphere has 25. 4% sh atomic number 18 in the total GDP of Pakistan whereas work sector has the highest contribution of 53. 4%. Pakistan is facing economic and political instability these days.The government is besides destabilized and losing its control. The rapid development of cities is a regular and a persistent demographic occurrence in most of the developing countries including Pakistan. This rise has led to an ontogeny in the degree of urbanization. In Pakistan, the most recent study says that 34% of the lot are brio in urban areas and about 66% of concourse are living in coarse areas. It has been predicted that the level of urbanization in 2015 would profit by 39. 5%. The most recent study, states that the growth rate of Pakistan is 1. 73% and the population density of Pakistan is 177. 37 hatful per sq. km. Pakistan is sorted with countries having moderate level of urbanization it has the highest share of population living in cities (urban areas) among the South Asian countries. It has withal been projected that about half of Pakistans population leave be living in cities by the year 2030. Year 2011 has proved out to be another(prenominal) difficult year for the economy of Pakistan beca occasion it could onl y carry through the growth of 2. 4% against the tar deliver of 4. 5 %. This was even worse and weaker than the growth rate achieved in year 2010.The backwardness in the growth was predicted right at the time countrified suffered from de capaciousating core groups of the flood in August 2010. Growth was in a weak position, as the government had to transfer funds for the rehabilitation and amateurish purposes for the flood victims. some other important factor that constrained growth was the energy crisis/power shortage in the ground. Numbers of industries are teddy beared in Bangladesh payable to energy shortfall, rising furnace oil prices, crap forced power producers to sound below capa urban center. The progenying shortage of power has added to the energy deficit to the unsophisticated.If we imagine at the agriculture sector of Pakistan in detail we will come to know that it showed a strong improvement after the devastating impact of the floods in early 2011. This rec overy was mainly callable to ex unravelstock sector, along with squirt crops and some major crops (wheat and sugar cigarettee). Despite the signifi suffert losses caused by the floods, growth in the populatestock subsector was adequate to brook much contended impetus to agriculture growth. Trade and payments is the backbone of the Pakistani economy, in year 2011 total exports recorded a constructive growth of 27. % for the period of first ten months (July-April) against an increase of 8. 0% in the similar time period of prior year 2010. In total, exports own gone up from $15,773. 2 one million million million to $20,154. 2 million in the period. On the other side imports in the first ten months of the current year 2011 assume gone up with an increase of 14. 7% against the resembling period of the last year reaching to 32. 2%. Education is considered to be very important in each economy, if we look at the literacy rate of Pakistan basing on the age groups then we see (10 geezerhood and above age group ) the total literacy rate in year 2008-2009 was 57. % which has metamorphose magnitude to 57. 7% in year 2009-2010, which increase by 0. 5% in the current year. And if we look at the literacy rate basing on the provinces keen-sighted then the literacy was as follows Sindh 58. 2 percent Punjab 59. 6 percent Balochistan 51. 5 percent Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa 50. 9 percent. Total expenditures budgeted for wellness function are Rs. 42. 0 billion out of which Rs. 18. 7 billion for development in health attending centers and Rs. 23. 3 billion for current expenditures which is equal to 0. 23 percent of GDP which is 79 billion in contrast to previous year.Pakistans total population according to the census of 2011 is 177. 10 million and it is considered to be the 6th popular country in the world. And if the population keeps on change magnitude with the same tendency it will be 191. 7 million by year 2015 and 242. 1 million by 2030. The growth rate in Pakistan is calculated to be 2. 05 percent at present and the total birth rate rate is 3. 5 children per woman. In Pakistan the action expectancy is 67. 9 for women and 64. 18 for men. And if we talk about the labor force of Pakistan we may end that it is the 9th largest country in the world basing on the size of its labor force which is 54. 2 million. Pakistan has given a great attention towards its infrastructure i. e. transport and communication and if we talk about the communication sector of Pakistan, then we may conclude that only 3 percent of the total population is using note paid connections whereas prepaid connection users are 97 percent. The total cellular subscribers gestate crossed 102. 8 million so far in Pakistan. Now that we have given a glance at the current position of the economy of Pakistan, we submit to know what Urbanization is. And why is it increase at a very rapid pace in Pakistan?Urbanization After going through the economy of Pakistan in detail, we now need t o know what urbanization is. Urbanization is a transformation of hoidenish support to urban sprightliness. Urbanization takes place when people living in basespun areas (villages) decides to impress to urban areas (cities or towns) to seek better living standards or for seeking better employment opportunities or to maximize their incomes. One of the comments of urbanization is give tongue to as, Urbanization is the transformation of plain conditions (farms and small towns) to urban conditions (huge cities).We send packing as well as say that urbanization is the migration of population from coarse areas to urban areas. This rendering tells us that urbanization takes place when a rural life transforms into an urban life. Rural life is a life where people work on farms and field, whereas urban life is a complete opposite life where people work in gigantic offices, they have better spirit education, they dresses up professionally for their offices, they uses beaver possi ble ways of communication and transportation.Urban life provides us with better quality living, better education facilities, better trouble opportunities, better infrastructure and better frolic facilities apart from work. some other definition that I would like to state here is, The change in a country or a region which is caused by the motility of the population from rural to urban areas is known as urbanization. The definition lightly explains that when people migrate from villages towards towns or cities, migration takes place.Migration of people from villages towards cities causes a change in that concomitant region where immigrants architectural plan to live in. The changes that put forward be seen within that limited region may be more food consumption, increase in rate of unemployment, increase in rate of poverty, it may to a fault effect literacy rate mortality evaluate are also being affect. Another definition of urbanization that I came across is, Urbanizati on fecal matter also be termed as the industrious and huge growth of and migration to cities from the villages.Urbanization is the name for the movement of people from rural (villages) to urban areas (cities), thus results in change magnitude the population. This definition is also similar to the above definition. This definition also makes clear that urbanization takes place when people of the rural areas tends to move towards the urban areas, this movement is quick and thus it increases the growth of the particular area of the cities as compared to rural life.By this definition we butt come to know that apart from the increase of the population in whatsoever particular area of a city or movement of people from the rural areas. It is also more of a change in the employment sector the industrialization sector the service industry sector and also the agriculture sector. The definition is say as, The increase in the ratio of the population residing in towns, brought about by mi gration of rural populations into towns and cities, or the higher urban levels of natural increase resulting from the greater proportion of people of childbearing age in cities.Urbanization indicates a change of employment structure from agriculture and cottage industries to quid production and service industries. Another definition that tells us that urbanization brings a change in the grocery size, health compassionate services are also increase due to increase in the population size, transportation and communication services are also increased when urbanization takes place. Urbanization brings a change in m some(prenominal) sectors either directly or indirectly, because many factors are dependent on urbanization.The definition that tells us about the changing factors and sectors is stated below. Urbanization is the rapid population growth, increase in industrialization, increase in transportation and communication, increase in health services, increase in market size etc. Ur banization comprises of population immigration to an already quick area or a town as a result of which causes expansion of that specific region at the expense of rural land. The exercise of a society transforming from rural to urban can be stated as urbanization.As the itemize of people moving into cities rise, urban centers hyperbolise too, erasing rural, agricultural and forestland in their wake. Urbanization mainly occurs due to the terra firmaable economic divisions within both rural and urban areas. As agriculture is change state more and more technologically advanced so it has now been replaced by machines and people are becoming trickless in rural areas because their work is being replaced by the machines. This has tended to move people from rural to urban areas because urban areas have ample rail line opportunities.In addition to above issue, urbanization is increasing chop-chop because rural life and working on farms and fields is becoming unpredictable due to sud den happening of floods, deficiency of any other important seed, fertilizer or pesticides and deadly diseases which are fatal. On the contrary, urban areas posses great business opportunities, healthy jobs, better living standards and space number of services in terms of universities, schools, hospitals, housing, transportation etc. big(p) variety of entertainment sources, such(prenominal) as hotels, cinemas, discos, clubs, restaurants etc and many other vacant time places and events which forces people to move to urban areas. We can also say that urbanization is a flow of physical growth of urban areas which is carry about a global change. The question arises in our minds that why do people choose to migrate? What are the reasons that people choose to plan a shift from rural living standard to an urban living standard? What are the consequences of this shift? To answer these questions, first of all we need to know what a city is.As old as species, people have ga at that placed i n the densely populated and highly integrated areas, to which we call cities. Cities in the beginning were established 5,000 years ago, but from the past 200 years-with the advent and spread of industrial sector and with the increase in the global population which is rising with a prominent rate, which tells us that cities have grown considerably in size and number. In the beginning of the twentieth century only one-tenth of a person lived in the cities, but today the proportion of urban and rural people is approximately equal.It has been estimated that by the start of 2025 about 2/3rd of the worlds population will live in the urban areas called cities. In the terms of economics, all cities are same basing on the following functions they perform for example manufacturing, retailing, and services (doctors, professors etc). These sources provides plenty of job opportunities for the soulfulnesss residing in the cities, thus it provides wealth which ultimately provides a better living standard. The larger a city is the more numerous and highly specialised its functions are.By contrast, smaller cities and towns have fewer functions, which tend to be of a more general nature. Karachi in Pakistan is the highly populated and has high density rate in comparison to other cities like Lahore and Islamabad etc. In large cities we construe clinics and hospitals in wide range of places. spectacular food chains like McDonalds, Kfc, Pizza hut etc are rarely seen in small cities but in the large cities we find them at either(prenominal) passing way. People are tending to move towards the cities because of the attractive opportunities, people of the cities are benefited from. at that place are lots of wealth opportunities in the cities, newfangled business techniques are used to expand the business. tape drive is used which is considered to be the fastest medium of travelling in the cities whereas in the rural areas people are quiet down using bullock-carts. Cities with best facilities and the best opportunities have made life easier to live. People in the cities can live comfortably and spend a peace full life. They can also enjoy the luxuries of the lives. Whereas people n the rural areas have to travel to the cities, to take hold of the opportunities and facilities provided in the cities.Many of the people in the rural areas travel due to medical problems. As on that point is a lack of better hospitals and vary doctors. Cities can also be defined basing on their social composition. Cities are typically places with a large, dense, and heterogeneous, or varied, population. As cities have expanded and mass communications which has dispersed urban values, however, it becomes increasingly difficult to identify a uniquely urban life style. Now if we compare an urban life with a rural life we get to know the following differences betwixt the two. The contrast between the two has been discussed below.Urban life is the result of individual and corpor ate efforts, which tends to reduce expenses and time in communicating and transportation, also improves opportunities for jobs, education, housing, and transportation. subsisting in cities allows individuals along with their families to take benefits from efficient jobs and effective job-places, a worth(predicate) living life style, and a marketplace competition. People are moving into cities to grab various opportunities provided in cities. In villages, it is difficult to improve ones standard of living beyond basic nourishment because the whole family is dependent on a small family farm.Farm living is dependent on vaporific ecological conditions, and in times of deficiency, flood or deadly disease, survival of the fittest becomes extremely difficult and challenging. Cities, in contrast, are the places where wealth, funds, services are in abundance. Cities are the places where fortunes are made and where societal mobility is possible. Businesses, which score great number of job vacancies and excessive amount of capital, are generally situated in urban areas. Whether it is through buying and selling (trade) or tourism (sightseeing), it is all the way through the cities that foreign exchange flows into a country from another country.Therefore it is the wish of all(prenominal) individual living in the rural areas to move to cities and make abundance of money to send back home to their struggling families. There are enhanced and essential services as well in the cities that are not found in the villages. There are great varieties of jobs and plenty of job opportunities in urban areas as compared to the rural areas. Physical condition and physical health is another anchor factor. People, when become old and weak are mostly sent to cities for a better health check-up with the encourage of specialized doctors and hospital.There are also various attractive factors which becomes a reason that why people of the villages tend to move to the urban areas. Those factors includes cinemas, amusement parks, restaurants, shopping complexes and malls etc. other than entertainment it also provides a better quality of education, namely universities as compared to the rural areas. Effects of urbanization on Pakistani economy Once we are done with the discussion about urbanization, life in cities, and the contrast of urban life with a rural life. We have to see what effects urbanization has on the economy of Pakistan.It can either have positive effects or negative effects, may be the mixture of both can also be seen. Urbanization in Pakistan has increased very rapidly as compared to any other South Asian country. The people who are migrating from rural to urban, are in search for a better quality of life, but they are totally unaware of the fact that their this move is resulting in a chaos in the urban areas, a burden on the economy as well as an obstinate effect on the quality of life. This high, in fact very much high rate of urbanization has als o resulted in an increase ofdifficulties for the managementas well. nigh 3% to 4% ofthenational population is moving to urban areas every year. The economy of the country in case of GDP rate has modify a bit due to this urbanization. More jobs in manufacturingandservice sectors have been created. About 27% of the GDP is being produced by the industrial sector . In the coming times, this huge urban population will definitely create a domestic market for goods and services and will provide with technically clever and equipped manpower resulting in the definite rapid and certain growthofthe countrys economy.The other important effect of this urbanization on the economy of Pakistan rather than the increasein GDP is the growing manpower in the sectors of commerce and industry. Industries and private sectors have been a great increase factor in national income. They train their employees in their respective fields as well as in differentinterrelated subjects. They provide them with a b roader vision of their respective fields where they can create their own ideas, bring new ones, mould the old ones in better forms, thus being more productive and creative.This all multi-training and multi-tasking ofemployeesresults in theprogress and prosperity of their respective industries and firms. And this ultimately brings a positive effect on the economy, as the productivity increases with technical expertise and so does the income. Urbanizationhas also paved the way for women empowerment as well as increase in women employment. Now women being more educated, confident and having vast visions are working together with menalmost in every field.The mutualwork environmenthas provided an opportunity of exchange of ideas often wherenew methods, new techniques and new ideas are just found turning things more productive and better. Employment of women along with men has raised the number of people working to a very high extent, and this has ultimately resulted in the feeler of eco nomy where not just one is make wateringfor a family of six, in fact their partner is willing to accompany him/her too. Urbanization results in the increase of industrialization and services sector.People they shift their capital from farm industry to big industries and competitive markets, where they get a chance to maximize their capital and to earn a healthy livelihood for themselves and their families also. By shifting to urban areas they can provide a better life style and a very bright to future to their families and children. Urbanization can bring a change in their living standards, a change in their dressing, a change in their communication and a change in their behaviors. People who shift from rural areas are benefited from the facilities and opportunities available in the urban areas.The effect of urbanization on the economy is that people work in big offices, they have better quality education, they dresses up professionally for their offices, they uses best possible wa ys of communication and transportation. Urban life provides us with better quality living, better education facilities, better job opportunities, better infrastructure and better entertainment facilities apart from work. A lot of people claim that urbanization is the customary outcome of economic growth, with the increase of skilled and trained craftsmen, merchants, and proprietors.Urban growth or urbanization brings an attraction for the people residing in rural areas. They get attracted by the luxuries, comforts and opportunities which people of cities are enjoying. Urbanization though has increased the chances of availabilityof a better quality of life to the people who are migrating from rural areas to urban areas like towns and cities. They get better health care and educational facilitiesas compared to their respective rural areas, heretofore they becomea reason of a high level burden on the countrys economy. The question is how? The high and fast wave of urbanization hasad ded a lot more to urban slums.Yet people are still migrating from rural to urban areas and this has resultedin the increase of difficulty for themanagement of the urban areas. The adjustment of these huge migrated masses and providing the basic facilities oflife, in fact quality life to them does not turns out to be an easy task for the management. These people being not highly educatedcannot go for the technical jobs, and what they do is either to get smallordinary jobs, sitting idle at their homesorthey earn by begging. All the pressure to victuals these jobless masses comes on the city, provincial or federal government.But how can a government feed them all when there is only 1 or no one to work and so many to eat? In Pakistan, almost 3-5 million people migrate from rural areas to urbanareas each year and approx. 40% of the Pakistani population now resides in the urban areas of the country. This has brought a great burden on the already weight down economy of Pakistan. The aid s that are said to be given to Pakistan are mostly used for the military purposes, not in the economic growth sectors. Pakistani economy is really going through a crisis since last few years due to this war on terrorism.The immigrants from our neighboring country Afghanistan, arent residing in the rural areas of the country but in the urban ones. And the ones who lived in the rural ones have started migrating towards urban areas in order to check their lives and children. This also is a burden on the economy, I mean a country whose economy cannot feed its own people properly, cannot provide them with a better quality of life, healthcare facilities, proper education how can such a countryfeed the refugees as well? But being a brotherly neighbour, Pakistan is giving its fullest support i. e. economical and social help to these refugees.They can get jobs anywhere they necessitate to, live anywhere they want to. But the people who arent working at all, still need to be looked after by the government and a worse fact is that the ratio of such people isnt very low, so the economy of Pakistan has been truly burdenized by this factor as well. This trend of urbanization has increased the number of beggars in the cities and towns. At some places there are special beggar mafias and begging has become a profession and a skilled art ofearning money quickly and easily. This thing is now being purely seen by the government and strict measures have been taken now.This rapid urbanization has also paved the way for increasing offence rate in theurban areas. When the people migrating from rural areas in spite of all their efforts arent able to find jobs or any means of earning, they indulge themselves in anti-state activities and different small and big villainys, because obviously they have to earn something to feed themselves and their families. In spite of all their efforts when they cant find any legal or right opportunity or way to earn, they get themselves involve in illegal means of earning. The high crime order involving every crime i. e. mall crime like mobile snatching, money snatching to big crimes like that of target killing or pre planned murders are amongst the most disastrous effects of this urbanization. This high crime rate resultsin a frightened and disturbed society, where both, the quality as well as thequantity of work being done is affected. This disturbs the standards ofeconomy by lamentable the work potentials of manpower. The consequential population from urbanization has also played an important role in increased crime rates in urban areas. This study of consideration may also be due to the variation in the behaviors of the people living in towns.Following are the factors due to which the crime rates are increasing factors such as low income, availability of jobs, poverty etc. , and sometimes family conditions such as decouple, virtuoso parenthood, frustrated past due to any incident may also be related to increased crime rates. This rapid and high level wave of urbanization has very adversely affected the healthcare sector as well. The shortage of medicines, vaccines, unavailability of doctors, bad hygienic conditions at the hospitals, is some of the main after effects of this strong and fastest wave of urbanization.Theavailability of health care facilitiesto all its inhabitants is one of the most important and firstly duty of a state. The private sector here though provides much better facilities, is more equipped and trained and is quick than thegovernment sector, yet it isnt in the reach of common man to get enured in the private sector because they charge too much for all thesehealthcare services but the option of governmenthospitalsis open to every commoner, where he can get a better health care service and all other facilities as well. But more population has adversely affected that healthcare sector too.The mess and rush of the people in the government hospitals is also affecting the healt h care sector. Another major problem in result of urbanization that is rapidly winning place in the economy of Pakistan is poverty. Poverty occurs when the basic food that is the necessity of living is out of the reach of the people. People starve, they beg, and they die because they cannot endure to have meal, three times a day that is merely due to the high inflation rates prevailing in Pakistan these days. Environment confronts and problems of Pakistan are linked first and foremost with an unfair social and economic expansion in the past few years.This challenge is additionally compounded with quick urbanization due to a change of population from rural to urban areas. Consequently, all main cities of Pakistan face unexpected and accidental growth principal to boost in the pollution. This unnoticed growth has taken us to the forefront where there is a creation of slums areas in the region of citys edge. Ever since the metropolitan authorities and utility service supplier have confined boundaries in expanding their facilities, urban overcrowding, blocking and jamming is the main reason of ever weakening air and water quality, along with this solid waste management.Under the current scenario, the managers are facing problems in providing sufficient water facilities, improved sanitation and sewerages systems, healthy and hygienic health care services and to ensure a hale and hearty environment. Environmental poverty is earlier connected to poverty in Pakistan. Poverty is the chief obstacle in dealing with the surroundings and their related problems. The demand of the already diminishing natural resources is increasing in Pakistan. Since poor frankly rely on natural resources of the country for their living i. . agriculture, forestry, hunting, fisheries, etc. Poverty collective with a fast growing population and swiftly increasing urbanization is leading to create more and more pressure on the environment. As a result, there is a terrible need to work on po verty elimination. Considering this problem, Benazir Income contain Programme has organized by the current government, is anticipated to have an upbeat effect on poverty elimination. Urbanization is also causing a shortage of food and nutrition in Pakistani economy.Since a part of the population has decided to move to a particular area or a region of the city and it is becoming densely populated and the population size is increasing in a particular city so it is very natural that the food and nutrition needs cant be fulfilled and thus the economy of Pakistan faces a shortage of food and then it goes for a call to the foreign countries to fulfill its needs of those food items which ran short of supply in the market. This again disturbs the balance of payments of Pakistan. Apart from this agriculture is considered to be the backbone of the Pakistani economy.And Pakistan earns maximum foreign exchange by exporting the wheat, sugarcane, cotton etc as compared to any other items. Ever since urbanization is seen to be rapidly increasing, it is considered to be a setback for the economy of Pakistan because agricultural land is totally being neglected and left barren. This again will push us further towards failure as an economy as well as a nation. The statistical analysis is presented in chapter 2. Recommendations and conclusions are listed in chapter 3. Urbanization is closely related to modernization, industrialization, and rationalization.Urbanization also has adverse effects on the growing density in specific affected areas, mainly in large growing cities and often accompanied by number of other problems and after effects. Another major issue can also be disruption of agriculture uses. In addition to this, there would also be conflicting interests in terms of land use for rural and urban purposes. There would also be a negative impact on the agriculture of industry and also a loss of farm and forest land. Another prominent problem that arises from urbanization is the world-shaking rise in respiratory problems in people living attached or very close to urban areas.Following are the factors due to which the respiratory problem occurs are vehicular and industrial emissions, the toxic bum arising from the chimneys of the leather factories or tire manufacturing industries, mining and drilling tend to be responsible for greater level of toxins in the air. It has also been acknowledged that global warming is also a resulting problem from increased urbanization. There has also been seen adverse air quality in houses and buildings within urban areas due to air conditions outside the buildings and houses.Respiratory infections may also occur from excessive exposure to nitrogen oxides, which results in decreased lung function. The consequential population from urbanization has also played an important role in increased crime rates in urban areas. This study of consideration may also be due to the variation in the behaviors of the people living i n towns. Following are the factors due to which the crime rates are increasing factors such as low income, availability of jobs, poverty etc. , and sometimes family conditions such as divorce, single parenthood, frustrated past due to any incident may also be related to increased crime rates.Some of the issues of urbanization that can be seen in any economy are Employment Sanitation Housing Sewerage Water genial welfare Role of government Political machines (controlling organizations) increased Crime rates Respiratory problem. Employment problem occurs when there are less job opportunities or may be due to Less capabilities amongst the people of the rural areas, this problem can be seen due to lack of technical education. People living in urban areas get technical education to achieve the highest rank of designations in the offices or their work places. change magnitude rates of urbanization can also cause an increase in the crime rates. Increased crime rates are due to frustration caused amongst the people when they are unemployed or any other personal/family problems like divorce and single parent upbringing. When the population increases in a particular region of the city many other problems are seen like housing, sanitation problems and transportation problems etc. , this causes frustration amongst the people thus increasing the crime rates. sometimes government is also biased towards the immigrants. This also causes a gap amongst the people.