Geomorphology: Preparation of Earthquakes Essay

Preparation of Earthquakes1. Building designs & locationsa. Fault lines should be shown on maps for lot to avoid constructing buildings above active fault linesb. If not, foundation of buildings must be extended to solid material c. High-risk argonas should watch low-density domain used. Steel structures built to prevent buildings from collapsing when the ground movesi. Taipei one hundred one has a steel pendulum that would sway & reduce resonance amplification during an quakeii. Tokyos buildings reinforced to withstand stronger earthquakese. Shock- launching rubber blocks installed in buildings to absorb earthquake energy & oscillationsf. Electric supplies installed in buildings in lacquer & San Francisco with elevator car shutoffs to prevent firesg. Fireproof materials used in fittings of buildings to reduce intensity of fires moreoverh. growing countries may not be as well lively as certain countries i. Quite costly for the whole nation to cause earthquake resistant f eatures j. Less real Countries would have less capital for such investment k. Over-congested cities would be a death-trap during an earthquake i. Kobe has many areas with little(a) & old structures which collapsed during the Earthquakeii. Many buildings & infrastructures collapsed in Sichuan 2008 due to corruption iii. To continue cost & time, materials used to build schools were low quality, resulting in collapse of the buildingsiv. Haiti had no reinforced buildings & the govt building collapsed during the earthquake too2. Drills/ Educationa. In Japan, one-year drills are conducted to prepare & educate the population b. Warning systems such as SMS were used to warn the Japanese of impending disasters c. Data collected from continual monitoring of areas in the cities helped to save many lives d. Japan invested thousands of dollars in seismographs and information collection systems to monitor the ocean & ground movementsBUTe. Some cities/countries do not have such warning & mo nitoring systemsf. There was no warning for the Indonesian quake & tsunamii. Difficult as most tidy sum could not afford phones or TVsg. Though given prior warning, there was only 15min to seek shelter when there were no transportation or shelters to go toi. Warning had a minimal effect Populations in Developed countries tend to be more prepared as they have greater financial means for drills & use of technology for warnings3. Predictiona. Many countries have been investing in earthquake prediction i. Studying patterns of previous earthquakes & wildcat behaviours ii. Useful if close prediction of next earthquake can be made b. China has saved many lives through a hardly a(prenominal) successful predictions c. Japan has been researching on animals behaviour for earthquake prediction BUTd. However, predictions made may not be accurate e. China managed to predict an earthquake that hit Beijing 9 hours later(prenominal) i. Failed to do so for a similar but stronger earthquake 1 y ear later f. Their previous prediction saved many lives as excreta was carried out, with less than 2k deathsg. However, there was no preparation or evacuation process for the later earthquake, resulting in more than 60k deathsIHE Notes Preparation of EarthquakesConclusion Developed countries living near earthquake zones would be more prepared than Developing countries Individuals are educated on the appropriate reactions during & after earthquakes Stronger & better buildings are built, minimizing damage dealt & saving lives However, corruption may be rampant and then require assistance from other countries for recovery Developed countries like Japan did not survive the tsunami either, despite great preparation